ABC Primetime, slaughterhouse investigation 32
abnormal blood pressure, symptom of magnesium deficiency 40
abnormal heart rhythms, symptom of magnesium deficiency 40
acidification of ecosystems, 14
AIDS, linked to bushmeat trade 89
algae growth in waterways, product of more nitrogen in environment 80
ammonia, compared to smokestack emissions 88, • emissions primarily caused by livestock 14, • in manure 2
anemia, symptom of magnesium deficiency 40
angioplasty, common surgery for meat eaters 85
Animal Welfare Act, not applicable to farmed animals 20
animal-to-human disease, increasingly common 89
animals, butchered alive 5, • conditions of on factory farms 1, • cruelty to 20, • legal status of 1 and 20, • live, traded internationally, must be transported, over 1,000 miles typical 84, • mutilation, various kinds for various species 52, • their intelligence, individuality, and relationship to man 45
animals as byproduct, male chicks 53, • veal calves 30
antibiotic-resistant bacteria, found in supermarket chicken 17, • in general 9
antibiotic-resistant disease, various 9
antibiotics, 70 percent used in U.S. go to farmed animals 9, • those deemed important to humans used on animals, fostering antibiotic resistance in humans 9, • found in supermarket meat 17, • used to counter disease in fancy veal calves 30
antidotes to filth of feedlots, myriad types of technologies developed to combat harmful bacteria 66
antioxidants, only found in plant foods 13
aphrodisiacs, rendered from slaughterhouse byproduct 19
aquaculture, or fish farming, general overview 54, • no answer to overfishing of wild species 54
aquifers, levels dropping 22
arsenic, in chicken feed, risk to environment, consumer health 46
arthritis, linked to meat diet 90
artificial insemination, boar and sow 33, • in cows 67, • in pigs 93, • in turkeys, "toms" 71
asthma, disorder, due to hydrogen sulfide on hog farms 58
Atkins Diet, warned about by American Heart Association 37
back pain, common, linked to meat diet 90
bacteria, harmful, cost 10, • e. coli O157:H7 60, • found in meat 10, • found in supermarket chickens 17, • origins of on densely populated feedlots 66
battery cages, in hen operations 16
beef cattle, 36
behaviors, natural, thwarted by intensive confinement 26
Bentham, Jeremy, his famous quandary 45
bestiality, integral to pork, turkey, and dairy operations 33
biomass fishing, for aquaculture feed, threatens ecosystems 54
biosecurity, introduction to an industry practice 47
biotech, dubious answer to sagging supplies of food for the hungry 31
bird flu (H5N1), potential for worldwide catastrophe 65, • cost in terms of severed economic activity 65
bleedout, chickens fully sentient during slaughter 72
blood clots, symptom of magnesium deficiency 40
Body Mass Index (BMI), 18
Bovine Somatotropin (bST), linked to mastitis 78
brain damage, hydrogen-sulfide poisoning 58, • mercury contamination 56
brain function, loss of, risk attributed to Atkins and other low-carb diets 37
brain growth, promoted in utero and in infancy via a diet rich in flax 64
branding, 52
breast cancer, linked to red meat 41
Brown 'N Serve Sausage Links, 101
burial, dead stock, attracts vermin, leaches nitrogen and methane into the environment, and poisons the groundwater 63
burned alive, livestock, mass on-farm catastrophes, one of numerous, the results of mass concentration of farmed animals 69
bushmeat, in Africa 89
bycatch from fishing (non-target species), 92
bypass surgery, largely preventable through diet and exercise 11, • long-term effects of 11
byproduct material, as portion of slaughtered animals 19, • billions of pounds derived and processed by renderers each year 63
cage space, approximately the size of caged hens 26, • approximately the size of caged sows 93
calcium, vital nutrient in vegetarian foods 79
calcium depletion, cuts life spans of cows short 67
California Milk Advisory Board (CMAB), creators of "Happy Cows" advertisement 67
Campbell, T. Colin, on cows' milk 34
campylobacter, a primary pathogen in poultry 10
cancer, and beef 3, • linked to red meat 41
carbohydrates, 13
carcass rinsing, ineffective at dislodging fecal matter from chicken 21
castration, mutilating procedure 52
catch and release, "Eating Sport Fish," factsheet 74
cattle industry, highly concentrated 44
certification programs, "grass fed," "eat with a conscience," "free range," "cage-free," "organic" 73
chemicals, drugs, used on feedlots, find their way to waterways via excreted urine, and feces of animals 94
chicken, feed-to-flesh ratio 8, • increased consumption of 46, • skyrocketing demand in the 1970s 21
chicken industry, as highly concentrated 44
chickens, good at solving problems 7
childhood diabetes, linked to milk consumption 34
chimpanzees, pig intelligence compared to 7
China, demand for reef fish 49
China Study, The, the ultimate vegetarian vindication 62
chlamydia, in manure 2
cholesterol, in meat 13
chronic sinusitis, disorder, due to hydrogen sulfide of hog farms 58
Clean Air Act , industry allowed to sidestep in sweetheart deal 51
climate change, caused by beef cattle 36
cloning, on horizon for future farms 59
cold and allergy symptoms, linked to meat diet 90
collard greens, associated with brain health 100
commodity wealth, eked out of animals by genetics scientists 99
complicated tasks, ability to perform, possessed by fish 43
composting, dead stock, often poorly managed, failing to adequately promote full decomposition and allowing vermin to carry disease off site 63
congestive heart failure, cost to society, leading cause of hospitalization among elderly 5
consolidation, in the slaughter industry (cattle, hogs, and chickens) and on farms 44
constipation, linked to meat diet 90
Consumer Reports, 17
contraband, meat of armadillos, iquanas, primates, turtles, frogs, and even rats 91
coral reefs, endangered by overfishing 49
corn-based feed, blamed for emergence of e. coli O157:H7 60
cosmetics, rendered from slaughterhouse byproduct 19
cow tax, "off the table," per Obama administration 51
cows, relationship to music 7
cross contamination, plant based foods infected with e. coli O157:H7 60
cruelty to animals, major cause due to the quadrupling in meat consumption worldwide over last half century 81, • battery hens 16, • battery hens 26 and 42, • by genetics 99, • by mutilation 52, • bycatch (fish) 92, • foie gras production 97, • forced molting 42, • sows 93, • veal calves 30, • Wildlife Services on behalf of ranchers 39
cyanide, destroying corals, used to capture reef fish 49
dark-green leafy vegetables, a source of magnesium, a vital nutrient 40
dead stock, 6 billion pounds accumulated on U.S. feedlots every year 63, • dangers lurk in disposal methods 63
dead zones, defined, dramatic rise in number around the world 61
debeaking, 52
defeathering rubber fingers, squirt feces from chicken carcasses 21
dehorning, 52
demand, fish, outstripping supply in the case of reef fish 49
demand, meat, in developing world 55
Department of Health, "Eating Sport Fish," factsheet 74
depression, symptom of magnesium deficiency 40
diabetes, in general 13, • symptoms can be alleviated with the consumption of fiber 50, • symptoms eased with consumption of flax 64
disaster, all out, the cause for catastrophic mortalities 69
disease outbreak, bird-flu pandemic 65, • hoof-and-mouth disease 57
driftnets, 4
driftnetting, high-bycatch fishing technique 92
dripped meat fat on heat source, linked to carcinogenic fumes, residues 82
drugs, rendered from slaughterhouse byproduct 19
e. coli O157:H7, a primary pathogen in meat 10, • harbored in the interior of a solid piece of meat 24, • infects most feedlot cattle 60, • migrates to beef patty interiors 24
ear notching, 52
earaches, disorder, due to hydrogen sulfide on hog farms 58
"Eating Sport Fish," factsheet 74
Ebola, linked to bushmeat trade 89
ecological footprint, eg.: 3.2 billion cattle, sheep, goats, and domesticated bison 77
economic cost, anticipated bird-flu pandemic 65, • attributed to five meat-derived pathogens 10, • due to congestive heart failure 6, • hoof-and-mouth disease 57, • subsidies to commodity farmers 68
egg-laying hens, pigs, cows, cattle, bred to produce inordinate levels of commodity wealth 99
endocrine disruptors, feedlot drug pollution 94
environmental disruption, ammonia from feedlot lagoons 88, • aquaculture 25, • beef cattle 36, • ecological deficit 101, • feed-grain production 12, • illegal fishing 15, • livestock 83, • livestock production 14, • manure 12, • manure, in developing world 55, • overfishing 14
EPA, on mercury poisoning in utero 56, • sweetheart deal with CAFOs 51
erosion, livestock 77
exercise, regular, 11
factory farming, in developing world 55
Farm Bill, 2002 5
farmed animals, numbers of 1
farmed fish, feed-to-flesh ratio 8
farmers, funneled into contract arrangements that take away choices on how to run their farms 44
farmers, family, nudged out, now work "franchises," producing commodities to spec for giant grain conglomerates and processing houses 68
feather pulling, suffered by battery hens 26
fecal matter, lodged in chicken skin 21, • the vehicle for foodborne pathogens 70
feces, cows live in their own 67
feed, dried, tacky brown powder as 19, • poultry litter as 35
feed grains, 12
feed-to-flesh ratios, for various species 8, • some species of farmed fish as high as 25 to 1 54
feedlot drug pollution, endocrine disruptors 94
feedlot steer, feed-to-flesh ratio 8
fertilizer, as pollutant 12
fiber, as a weight-loss aid 50, • as an aid to lower risk for cancer 3, • cuts risk for cancers 50, • found only in plant foods 13, • soluble, contained in flax 64
fish, as individualistic 7, • feel pain 43, • not covered by Humane Slaughter Act 5
fish as a food source, produced using aquaculture 54, • world demand for 15
fish farming (see aquaculture), 54
fish feel pain, consensus by scientists 43
fish traders, Hong Kong, reef fish 49
fishing (see overfishing), as world's most dangerous profession 98, • techniques today 4
fishing conventions, side-stepped by illegal fishers 15
flax, ground seeds contain a wide variety of nutritional benefits 64
foie gras, production procedures 97
folate, vital nutrient in fruits and veggies 79
food irradiation, dubious antidote to slaughterhouse pathogens 66
food supply, meat from cloned animals projected to be included in 59
foodborne illness, 29 percent of all cases the result of produce (but don't blame the veggies!) 70
forced molting, as cruel practice in the egg industry 42
forests, vital to world ecology, being decimated by livestock production 83
fossil fuel, amount needed for production of beef, tofu 23
France, driftnetting renegade country 92
frogs, wild, going extinct from people capturing them for their leg flesh 79
fruits, switch to, coincides with drop in heart disease 95
gallstones, linked to meat diet 90
genetic manipulation, animals bred to stand up to the rigors of the industrial process 38, • creates suffering for farmed animals 59
genetics, wild fish threatened by escapees by domesticated species selectively bred for aquaculture operations 54
grain, fed to livestock 31, • percentage used as feed 8, • used to feed animals 22
great apes, poised for extinction 87
Great Barrier Reef, 49
Green Revolution, 31
greenhouse gas emissions, more from livestock than from vehicles 14
ground beef, made up of many animals 24
growth enhancing drugs, 30, , • suspected in human cancer 41, , • trade disputes over 76, , • cause of mastitis in cows, 78
Gulf of Mexico, location of giant dead zone 61
Gulf of Mexico, location of giant dead zone 61
H1N1, otherwise known as Swine Flu, now officially a pandemic 28
"Happy Cows" commercial, no indication of reality 67
heart attack, survivability of 6
heart disease, as biggest killer 11, • heart attack, stroke 85
heartburn, linked to meat diet 90
heme iron, possible reason red meat linked to breast cancer 41
hens, egg-laying, conditions of 16, • may be subjected to a forced molt 42
heterocyclic amines, possible reason red meat linked to breast cancer 41
hidden costs of meat, in regard to collective health, economy, and environment 68
high blood pressure, risk lowered in teens who eat lots of veggies 79
High Plains states, U.S., 95
high-protein diets, linked to fatigue, dizziness, dehydration, and loss of brain function 37
hog farms, source of hydrogen sulfide 58
Hoof-and-mouth disease, illness becomes death sentence for farmed animals 57
hormones fed to cattle, possible reason red meat linked to breast cancer 41
household products, rendered from slaughterhouse byproduct 19
human illness, resulting from meat-specific pathogens 10
Humane Slaughter Act, The, applies to precious few animals 5, • in general 5
hydrogen sulfide, effects of poisoning 58, • emitted by manure 2
hypertension, risk for heart attack, stroke 79
hypoxia, dead zones, defined 61
illegal fishing, percentage of total 15, • single biggest threat to global stocks 15
immunity to disease, factory chickens lack of 47
incineration, dead stock, poisons air with dioxin 63
indigestion , linked to milk consumption 34
Industrial Revolution, regarding nitrogen in environment 80
influenza, in manure 2
influenza pandemics, Swine flu officially an influenza pandemic, thanks to general domestication of animals for food 28, • all forms kill half a million people per year 28
inspection, illegal meat, New York City 91, • seafood 86
intensive confinement, battery hens 26, • beef cattle 24, • chickens 16, • condition of chickens and pigs in North Carolina 29, • farmed fish 54
internal blood loss, linked to milk consumption 34
invasions of alien species, caused by beef cattle 36
iron, zinc, and high-quality protein, contained in flax 64
irritable-bowel disorders, linked to meat diet 90
Italy, driftnetting renegade country 92
IUU fishing, (illegal, unreported, or unregulated) 15
kale, associated with brain health 100
kidney stones, linked to meat diet 90
kidneys, strained by meat consumption 13
Kirk, Ron, U.S. trade representative, appeases meat industry on trade issues 76
knife cuts, rampant in meat plants 98
laborers, who perform artificial insemination of turkeys 71
lagoons, holders of pig excrement 29, • open air, on factory farms 88
legal protections of farmed animals, recently stripped of by states 20, • during transport 84
listeria, a primary pathogen in meat 10
livestock, hoarder of land surface of planet Earth 83, • leading player in world's ecological breakdown 36
Livestock's Long Shadow, U.N. report (2006) exposes startling eco-footprint of world's livestock 83
living wage, return on money, rare in the meat industry 98
longlining, prevalence of 4
mad cow disease, trade disputes over 76
magnesium, vital nutrient derived from plant-based foods 40, • vital nutrient in fruits and veggies 79
mangrove forests, removed for aquaculture pens along shorelines 54
manure, amount produced annually in North Carolina 48, • contaminants in 2, • cross contamination with raw produce 70, • from chicken feedlots 29, • great concentrations of in feedlots surrounding large cities in developing world 55, • handling regulations overdue, ineffective 51, • land sprayed becomes toxic by 2, • migrates to edible portions at slaughterhouse 24, • too expensive to manage properly, safely 70
manure, nitrogenous waste, in aquaculture 54
mastitis, as man-made livestock affliction 78
meat industry, overview 1
medication, cholesterol-lowering drugs 13
memory loss, hydrogen-sulfide poisoning 58
mercury, poisoning, in fish eaters 56
mercury-in-rivers advisories, 74
methane, byproduct of livestock production 14
milk (dairy), suspected carcinogen 34
minerals, found in plant foods 13
monoculture, in chicken industry, linked to disease outbreak 47
Morocco, driftnetting renegade country 92
mortalities, disposal of 16, • due to lost chickens in manure pits 16, • from foie gras production 97, • from hoof-and-mouth disease 57, • in reef fish 49, • integral to feedlots and stockyards 19, • on chicken feedlots 29, • Oregonian plan in place to deal with the effects of a full-blown bird-flu pandemic 65, • a resource for byproduct consumer goods 63
mutant genes, cultivated to monstrous ends for sake of meat "machine" 38
mutilation, various kinds performed without anesthesia 52
n-nitroso compounds, carcinogenic substances in beef 3
nagging conditions, linked to meat diet 90
New York State's Department of Environmental Conservation, "Eating Sport Fish," factsheet 74
nitrogen, chemical discovery allows man, today, to extract abundant amounts from thin air 80
nitrous oxide, in manure 14
noise, conditions during transport of farmed animals 84, • conditions in farrowing crates 93
non-target wildlife, caught in crosshairs by USDA "damage control," perq to ranchers 39
North Carolina, hog manure in state 48, • home of millions of chickens and hogs 29
Norwegian rivers, wild salmon wiped out by farmed fish parasite in 25
nosebleeds, disorder, due to hydrogen sulfide on hog farms 58
Nurses' Health Study, 41
nutrient runoff, byproduct of today's mega meat production 80
obesity, vegans less at risk 18
odor, from chicken feedlots 29, • fumes from manure pits 16
Ogallala Aquifer, mined of water to support meat infrastructure 95
oil, amount needed to produce beef 23
Okinawa, parents projected to outlive children 75
omega-3 fatty acids, available via ground flax seeds, alternative to fish as source 64
Oregon, plan devised by anticipates full-blown bird-flu outbreak 65
organic meat, high in salmonella 17
outbreaks, foodborne, 29 percent of all cases the result of produce (but don't blame the veggies!) 70
overfishing, caused by beef cattle 36, • due to illegal fishing 15, • in general 4
overgrazing, by livestock 77, • the destruction of riparian zones, because of 36
pastures, rangelands degraded, 77
penis, stimulated by stock person to induce ejaculation in pursuit of artificial insemination 32
pesticides, as pollutant 12, • used in aquaculture operations 25
pharmaceuticals, used in farmed fish operations 25
phytochemicals, 13
phytonutrient lignans, contained in flax 64
pigs, by nature, clean 93, • feed-to-flesh ratio 8, • in nature 93, • intelligence 7, • intelligent 93, • slaughter statistics in graphic terms 48
piracy in fishing, tactics 15
Poland, and heart disease 95
pollution, caused by beef cattle 36, • manure, in developing world 55, • water 12
population, projected in 2050, numbers could be fed in a vegetarian world 27
Population Reference Bureau, announces hypothetical case 27
pork industry, as highly concentrated 44
potassium, vital nutrient in fruits and veggies 79
poultry, consumption of presents risk 17, • domestication of, the cause of global pandemics 28, • not covered by Human Slaughter Act 5
poultry litter, could provide vector for spread of bird flu 35, • fed to beef cattle presents mad-cow-disease risk 35, • infused with veterinary medications 35, • not always properly composted 35
predator control, deadly program on behalf of ranchers 39
probiotic bacteria, dubious antidote to slaughterhouse pathogens 66
profligate waste, water resources 95
protein, excess amounts in meat 13, • excess consumption of by Americans 81
protein, animal, linked to chronic disease 62
rape, another name for artificial insemination 71
raw cacao, most abundant source of magnesium, a vital nutrient 40
recycling, euphemism for meat byproduct processing or rendering 19
red meat, linked to breast cancer 41
red tides (harmful algae blooms), line some coastlines without break 61
rendering, defined 19, • employed to process billions of pounds of byproduct material every year 63
repetitive stress disorders, rampant in meat plants 98
restaurant grilling, linked to soot and smog 82
runoff, manure, impossible to trace to polluter 29
salmonella, in manure 2
salmonella test, failed by filthy meat plant 32
saturated fat, found in excess in meat 13, • possible reason red meat linked to breast cancer 41
saturated fat and cholesterol, linked to heart attack, stroke 85
schools, depository of generally unsanitary meat 32
Science, the journal, 4
Scotland, fears spread of Norwegean aquaculcure parasite 25
seafood, primarily imported 86
seafood companies, food-safety programs of 86
sedimentation of coastal areas, caused by beef cattle 36
seizures, symptom of magnesium deficiency 40
sexual stimulation, boar, description of first leg of artificial insemination 33, • sow, description of second leg of artificial insemination 33
shrimp, high-bycatch species 92
sickly creatures, cobras, civet cats, and anteaters, displayed in wet markets 89
single-trait selection, integral to today's intensive farming 38
slaughter, chicken, voltage of electrified brine bath set to low 72
Smithfield Foods, slaughter statistics in graphic terms 48, • implicated in Swine Flu pandemic 28
sonar, used in fishing 4
sows, living conditions 93, • pinned in place to expose teats to piglets 93
spent hens, 42
spinach, associated with brain health 100
Spock, Dr. Benjamin , views about cows' milk 34
stanchions, docking stations for cows 67
starvation and water deprivation, used to induce molting in layer hens 42
state laws, un-enforced or re-written to exclude farmed animals 20
steam pasteurization, dubious antidote to slaughterhouse pathogens 66
subsidies, in Poland 96, • to commodity (feed grain) farmers 68, • water 12
taco filling, made from animal lips 19
tail and toe docking, 52
technologies, combat pathogens that originate on factory farms 66
Toepfer, Klaus , U.N. Environment Programme executive director 87
top predator fish, reduced in number by 90 percent 4
trade disputes, due to animal-based foods 76
transport to slaughterhouse, crowded, cramped, noisy, and terrifying for animals 84
"trash fish", 4
turkeys, bred for large breasts, cannot physically copulate 71
udder infections, cut lifespans of cows short 67
udder rubbing, necessary as part of sow artificial insemination 33
unsanitary conditions, found in slaughterhouse during investigation 32
USDA feed rule, suspected contradiction in the case of poultry litter 35
veal calf, life of in fancy veal production 30
vegan/vegetarian diet, as preventer of heart disease 11, • could feed hungry planet well into the future 27, • for most people precludes need for angioplasty 85, • health benefits of 13, • recommended by Dr. Benjamin Spock 34
vegetarian diet (replete with vegetables), associated with brain health 100
vegan lifestyle, conducive to lower body weight 18
vegetable fats, switch to, coincides with drop in heart disease, Poland 95
vegetable protein, water usage to produce 22
vibratory sounds, detected in fish 43
viruses, sprays of, dubious antidote to slaughterhouse pathogens 66
vitamins, found in plant foods 13
Washington Post, series on Humane Slaughter Act 5
waste, of natural resources 27
water, a scarce resource 95, • excessive use of by meat producers 22, • needed to produce one hamburger 22, • used in agriculture 22
wet markets, China 89
wild fish, endangered by aquaculture 54
Wildlife Services, USDA program 39
wing and comb removal, 52
wire floor, surface battery hens must perch upon 26
World Health Organization (WHO), 31
world hunger, hypothetically a non-issue in a vegetarian world 27, • in the face of wasteful consumption of grain 31, • statistics on 8
world's terrestrial plants, geared to use scarce amounts of nutrients (nitrogen fertilizers), not today's gluts from livestock production 88